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Who among the following arrived in Delhi on 3rd July 1857 and formed a Court of soldiers composed of both Hindu and Muslim rebels?
Ans) B
Exp)
• The Revolt of 1857 was led by the sepoys and supported by the common people. In Delhi Bahadur Shah was the leader. But the real power lay with the soldiers. Bakht Khan, who had led the revolt of the soldiers at Bareilly, arrived in Delhi bn 3rd July 1857. From that date onwards he exercised the real authority.
• Bakht Khan formed a Court of soldiers composed of both Hindu and Muslim rebels. But even before that, the soldiers showed little regard for the authority of the Emperor. Bahadur Shah deplored the army officers for their practice of coming into the Court carelessly dressed and in utter disregard to the forms of respect to the royalty.
Ans) B
Exp)
• The Revolt of 1857 was led by the sepoys and supported by the common people. In Delhi Bahadur Shah was the leader. But the real power lay with the soldiers. Bakht Khan, who had led the revolt of the soldiers at Bareilly, arrived in Delhi bn 3rd July 1857. From that date onwards he exercised the real authority.
• Bakht Khan formed a Court of soldiers composed of both Hindu and Muslim rebels. But even before that, the soldiers showed little regard for the authority of the Emperor. Bahadur Shah deplored the army officers for their practice of coming into the Court carelessly dressed and in utter disregard to the forms of respect to the royalty.
"This nationalist leader made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act at the first Madras session. He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the Boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. During the last six years of his life, he parted company with the Congress and led a secluded life."
Who among the following leaders has been described in the above passage?
Ans) C
Exp)
• Bipin Chandra Pal (7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was a freedom fighter, writer, orator and social reformer. Along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak he was associated with revolutionary activity. Aurobindo Ghosh and Pal were recognised as the chief exponents of a new national movement revolving around the ideals of Purna Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott and national education. His programme consisted of Swadeshi, Boycott and national education.
• He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the Boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. He wanted to remove social evils from the form and arouse the feelings of nationalism through national criticism. He had no faith in mild protests in the form of Non-Cooperation with the British colonialists. As a journalist, Pal worked for Bengal Public Opinion, The Tribune and New India.
• At the Madras session of congress held in 1887, Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature.
• During last six years of his life he parted company with the Congress and led a secluded life. Sri Aurobindo referred to him as one of mightiest prophets of Nationalism.
Ans) C
Exp)
• Bipin Chandra Pal (7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was a freedom fighter, writer, orator and social reformer. Along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak he was associated with revolutionary activity. Aurobindo Ghosh and Pal were recognised as the chief exponents of a new national movement revolving around the ideals of Purna Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott and national education. His programme consisted of Swadeshi, Boycott and national education.
• He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the Boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. He wanted to remove social evils from the form and arouse the feelings of nationalism through national criticism. He had no faith in mild protests in the form of Non-Cooperation with the British colonialists. As a journalist, Pal worked for Bengal Public Opinion, The Tribune and New India.
• At the Madras session of congress held in 1887, Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature.
• During last six years of his life he parted company with the Congress and led a secluded life. Sri Aurobindo referred to him as one of mightiest prophets of Nationalism.
With reference to the ancient literary tradition of India, consider the following statements:
1. Asthadhyayi is the oldest book in Sanskrit grammar.
2. Unlike the Buddhist literature in Sanskrit, Jain texts were not written in Sanskrit.
3. The Angas, the Upangas, and the Parikramas were Jain texts written in Pali.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ans) A
Exp)
• Statement 1 is correct. The development of Sanskrit grammar began with Panini in 400 B.C. with his book Asthadhyayi being the oldest book in Sanskrit.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Jainism produced texts in Prakrit. But, some of the Jain texts were also written in Sanskrit like the Upamitibhava Prapancha Katha of Siddharasi (906 A.D.).
• Apart from writing in Prakrit and Ardha Magadhi, Jain monks wrote in many other languages depending on the era, region and the patrons who supported them. They wrote in Tamil during the Sangam Age in south India. They also wrote in Sanskrit, Shauraseni, Gujarati, and Marathi.
• The most important Jain texts written in Prakrit are the Angas, the Upangas, and the Parikramas. Apart from these the Chhedab Sutra and the Malasutra are also considered to be sacred by the Jains. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Ans) A
Exp)
• Statement 1 is correct. The development of Sanskrit grammar began with Panini in 400 B.C. with his book Asthadhyayi being the oldest book in Sanskrit.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Jainism produced texts in Prakrit. But, some of the Jain texts were also written in Sanskrit like the Upamitibhava Prapancha Katha of Siddharasi (906 A.D.).
• Apart from writing in Prakrit and Ardha Magadhi, Jain monks wrote in many other languages depending on the era, region and the patrons who supported them. They wrote in Tamil during the Sangam Age in south India. They also wrote in Sanskrit, Shauraseni, Gujarati, and Marathi.
• The most important Jain texts written in Prakrit are the Angas, the Upangas, and the Parikramas. Apart from these the Chhedab Sutra and the Malasutra are also considered to be sacred by the Jains. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
By the 18thcentury, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence. Which of the following reasons can be attributed to this?
1. The discovery of a New Zealand which diverted colonising activities of Portugal.
2. The religious policies of the Portuguese
3. The emergence of twelve Sikh Misls.
4. The dishonest trade practices of Portuguese.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Ans) C
Exp)
• By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. Hooghly was used by some Portuguese as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bengal.
• The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbours. The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese.
• The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful.
• Their dishonest trade practices also evoked a strong reaction. The Portuguese earned notoriety as sea pirates. Their arrogance and violence brought them the animosity of the rulers of small states and the imperial Mughals as well.
• The discovery of Brazil diverted colonising activities of Portugal to the West. The union of the two kingdoms of Spain and Portugal in 1580-81, dragging the smaller kingdom into Spain’s wars with England and Holland, badly affected Portuguese monopoly of trade in India. The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also came to know about it.
• The first European to arrive in New Zealand was the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642.
Ans) C
Exp)
• By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence, though some of them still carried on trade in their individual capacity and many took to piracy and robbery. Hooghly was used by some Portuguese as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bengal.
• The local advantages gained by the Portuguese in India were reduced with the emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia and North India and the rise of the turbulent Marathas as their immediate neighbours. The Marathas captured Salsette and Bassein in 1739 from the Portuguese.
• The religious policies of the Portuguese, such as the activities of the Jesuits, gave rise to political fears. Their antagonism for the Muslims apart, the Portuguese policy of conversion to Christianity made Hindus also resentful.
• Their dishonest trade practices also evoked a strong reaction. The Portuguese earned notoriety as sea pirates. Their arrogance and violence brought them the animosity of the rulers of small states and the imperial Mughals as well.
• The discovery of Brazil diverted colonising activities of Portugal to the West. The union of the two kingdoms of Spain and Portugal in 1580-81, dragging the smaller kingdom into Spain’s wars with England and Holland, badly affected Portuguese monopoly of trade in India. The earlier monopoly of knowledge of the sea route to India held by the Portuguese could not remain secret forever; soon enough the Dutch and the English, who were learning the skills of ocean navigation, also came to know about it.
• The first European to arrive in New Zealand was the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642.
Which of the following is/are correct about the role played by Muslim League in the early years?
1. It called for Hindu-Muslim unity in a united and independent India.
2. It adopted self-government for India as its goal in 1913.
3. It worked to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Ans) D
Exp)
• The Muslim League or the All India Muslim League was a political group that led the movement calling for a separate Muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of British India (1947). The Muslim League was founded in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
• At first, the league was encouraged by the British and was generally favourable to their rule, but the organization adopted self-government for India as its goal in 1913.
• For several decades the league and its leaders, notably Mohammed Ali Jinnah, called for Hindu-Muslim unity in a united and independent India. It was not until 1940 that the league called for the formation of a Muslim state that would be separate from the projected independent country of India. Hence, all the statements are correct.
Ans) D
Exp)
• The Muslim League or the All India Muslim League was a political group that led the movement calling for a separate Muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of British India (1947). The Muslim League was founded in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
• At first, the league was encouraged by the British and was generally favourable to their rule, but the organization adopted self-government for India as its goal in 1913.
• For several decades the league and its leaders, notably Mohammed Ali Jinnah, called for Hindu-Muslim unity in a united and independent India. It was not until 1940 that the league called for the formation of a Muslim state that would be separate from the projected independent country of India. Hence, all the statements are correct.