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Which one of the following best describes the term 'economic threshold'?
Ans) B
Exp) Economic threshold is the density of a pest at which action should be taken to prevent it from reaching the economic injury level.
Ans) B
Exp) Economic threshold is the density of a pest at which action should be taken to prevent it from reaching the economic injury level.
With reference to Soft corals, consider the following statements:
1. They are non-reef building corals.
2. They don’t grow in deep seas.
3. Recently, a soft coral garden has been discovered in Greenlandic waters.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ans) C
Exp) Statement 1 is correct. Soft corals (Alcyonacea) are an order of corals that do not produce calcium carbonate skeletons. They grow wood-like cores for support and fleshy rinds for protection. They are referred to as ahermatypes, or non–reef building corals, and they do not always have zooxanthellae. Visually, soft coral colonies tend to resemble trees, bushes, fans, whips, and grasses.
Hard corals are known as scleractinian and stony coral. They produce a rigid skeleton made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in crystal form called aragonite. Hard corals are the primary reef-building corals.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Soft corals are found worldwide, primarily in tropical or subtropical waters. Soft corals are also found in the deep sea.
Statement 3 is correct. A deep-sea soft coral garden habitat has been discovered in Greenlandic waters by scientists from London's Global University (UCL), Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, using an innovative and low-cost deep-sea video camera built and deployed by the team.
Ans) C
Exp) Statement 1 is correct. Soft corals (Alcyonacea) are an order of corals that do not produce calcium carbonate skeletons. They grow wood-like cores for support and fleshy rinds for protection. They are referred to as ahermatypes, or non–reef building corals, and they do not always have zooxanthellae. Visually, soft coral colonies tend to resemble trees, bushes, fans, whips, and grasses.
Hard corals are known as scleractinian and stony coral. They produce a rigid skeleton made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in crystal form called aragonite. Hard corals are the primary reef-building corals.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Soft corals are found worldwide, primarily in tropical or subtropical waters. Soft corals are also found in the deep sea.
Statement 3 is correct. A deep-sea soft coral garden habitat has been discovered in Greenlandic waters by scientists from London's Global University (UCL), Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, using an innovative and low-cost deep-sea video camera built and deployed by the team.
With reference to the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, consider the following statements:
1. It is one of the eight missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
2. It was first implemented during the 12th Five Year Plan.
3. It covers both adaptation and mitigation measures in the domain of crops and animal husbandry, including research.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ans) D
Exp) All the statements are correct.
• The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) is envisaged as one of the eight Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with the objective of promoting Sustainable Agriculture.
• The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture(NMSA) was implemented during the 12th Plan with the objectives to make agriculture more productive, sustainable and climate-resilient; to conserve natural resources; to adopt comprehensive soil health management practices; to optimize utilization of water resources; etc.
• This mission covers both adaptation and mitigation measures in the domain of crops and animal husbandry, including research.
Mission Objectives:
• To make agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative and climate resilient by promoting location specific Integrated/Composite Farming Systems;
• To conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture conservation measures;
• To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based on soil fertility maps, soil test based application of macro & micro nutrients, judicious use of fertilizers etc.;
• To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water management to expand coverage for achieving ‘more crop per drop’;
• To develop capacity of farmers & stakeholders, in conjunction with other on - going Missions e.g. National Mission on Agriculture Extension & Technology, National Food Security Mission, National Initiative for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) etc., in the domain of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures;
• To pilot models in select blocks for improving productivity of rainfed farming by mainstreaming rainfed technologies refined through NICRA and by leveraging resources from other schemes/Missions like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), RKVY etc.; and
• To establish an effective inter and intra Departmental/Ministerial coordination for accomplishing key deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture under the aegis of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
Ans) D
Exp) All the statements are correct.
• The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) is envisaged as one of the eight Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with the objective of promoting Sustainable Agriculture.
• The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture(NMSA) was implemented during the 12th Plan with the objectives to make agriculture more productive, sustainable and climate-resilient; to conserve natural resources; to adopt comprehensive soil health management practices; to optimize utilization of water resources; etc.
• This mission covers both adaptation and mitigation measures in the domain of crops and animal husbandry, including research.
Mission Objectives:
• To make agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative and climate resilient by promoting location specific Integrated/Composite Farming Systems;
• To conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture conservation measures;
• To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based on soil fertility maps, soil test based application of macro & micro nutrients, judicious use of fertilizers etc.;
• To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water management to expand coverage for achieving ‘more crop per drop’;
• To develop capacity of farmers & stakeholders, in conjunction with other on - going Missions e.g. National Mission on Agriculture Extension & Technology, National Food Security Mission, National Initiative for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) etc., in the domain of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures;
• To pilot models in select blocks for improving productivity of rainfed farming by mainstreaming rainfed technologies refined through NICRA and by leveraging resources from other schemes/Missions like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), RKVY etc.; and
• To establish an effective inter and intra Departmental/Ministerial coordination for accomplishing key deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture under the aegis of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
What is the correct order of the levels of organization of ecology?
Ans) B
Exp) The main levels of organisation of ecology are six. In ascending order, they follow as Individual, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, and Biosphere
1. Individual: Organism is an individual living being that has the ability to act or function independently. It may be plant, animal, bacterium, fungi etc.
2. Population: Population is a group of organisms usually of the same species, occupying a defined area during a specific time.
3. Community: In order to survive, individuals of any one species depend on individuals of different species with which they actively interact in several ways. If we look around ourselves, we will notice that population of plants and animals seldom occur by themselves. For example: a grassland community is dominated by grasses, though it may contain herbs, shrubs, and trees, along with associated animals of different species.
4. Ecosystem: An ecosystem can be defined as a structural and functional unit of biosphere consisting of community of living beings and the physical environment, both interacting and exchanging materials between them. It is a complex set of relationship among the living resources, habitats and residents of an area. It includes plants, trees, animals, fish, birds, micro-organism, water, soil and people.
5. Biome: The terrestrial part of the biosphere is divisible into enormous regions called biomes, which are characterized by climate, vegetation, animal life and general soil type.
6. Biosphere: Biosphere is a part of the earth where life can exist. Biosphere represents a highly integrated and interacting zone comprising of atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water) and lithosphere (land).
Ans) B
Exp) The main levels of organisation of ecology are six. In ascending order, they follow as Individual, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, and Biosphere
1. Individual: Organism is an individual living being that has the ability to act or function independently. It may be plant, animal, bacterium, fungi etc.
2. Population: Population is a group of organisms usually of the same species, occupying a defined area during a specific time.
3. Community: In order to survive, individuals of any one species depend on individuals of different species with which they actively interact in several ways. If we look around ourselves, we will notice that population of plants and animals seldom occur by themselves. For example: a grassland community is dominated by grasses, though it may contain herbs, shrubs, and trees, along with associated animals of different species.
4. Ecosystem: An ecosystem can be defined as a structural and functional unit of biosphere consisting of community of living beings and the physical environment, both interacting and exchanging materials between them. It is a complex set of relationship among the living resources, habitats and residents of an area. It includes plants, trees, animals, fish, birds, micro-organism, water, soil and people.
5. Biome: The terrestrial part of the biosphere is divisible into enormous regions called biomes, which are characterized by climate, vegetation, animal life and general soil type.
6. Biosphere: Biosphere is a part of the earth where life can exist. Biosphere represents a highly integrated and interacting zone comprising of atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water) and lithosphere (land).
The‘Peace Forest Initiative’ is a unique global initiative associated with
Ans) D
Exp)
• The 'Peace Forest Initiative' is a unique global initiative to promote peace through land restoration was signed on 28 January 2020 by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Korea Forest Service (KFS).
• Bridging the goals of peace-building and land restoration, KFS and UNCCD have joined forces to realize the common sustainable development targets, including Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). Land Degradation Neutrality is a universal goal to tackle land degradation in the context of sustainable development at global, regional and national levels.
• Land Degradation Neutrality is also an accelerator for the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Restoration, rehabilitation and sustainable management of forests play a vital role in the achievement of LDN and create a number economic gains, such as increased production of non-timber products, food security and health, reduced soil erosion, disaster risk reduction, improved watershed management and carbon sequestration.
Ans) D
Exp)
• The 'Peace Forest Initiative' is a unique global initiative to promote peace through land restoration was signed on 28 January 2020 by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Korea Forest Service (KFS).
• Bridging the goals of peace-building and land restoration, KFS and UNCCD have joined forces to realize the common sustainable development targets, including Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). Land Degradation Neutrality is a universal goal to tackle land degradation in the context of sustainable development at global, regional and national levels.
• Land Degradation Neutrality is also an accelerator for the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Restoration, rehabilitation and sustainable management of forests play a vital role in the achievement of LDN and create a number economic gains, such as increased production of non-timber products, food security and health, reduced soil erosion, disaster risk reduction, improved watershed management and carbon sequestration.