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Which of the following statements best describes "Biotic pressure"?
Answer: B
Explanation:• Biotic pressure is the tendency of a species or community to extend its range. Biotic components or the living components of the ecosystem are Producers (Green plants), Consumers (Animals), and Decomposers(Microorganisms).
• Biotic pressure occurs as a result of damage done to an organism by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants
Answer: B
Explanation:• Biotic pressure is the tendency of a species or community to extend its range. Biotic components or the living components of the ecosystem are Producers (Green plants), Consumers (Animals), and Decomposers(Microorganisms).
• Biotic pressure occurs as a result of damage done to an organism by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants
Consider the following statements:
1. Six percent of the world species are found in India.
2. The North-Eastern region accounts for nearly one-fourth of India's forest cover.
3. As per the India State of Forest Report 2019, Arunachal Pradesh has maximum species richness for trees.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct. India has only 2.42% of the world's land area but its contribution to the world's biodiversity is approximately 8% of the total number of species which is estimated to be 1.75 million (As per Global Biodiversity Assessment of UNEP of 1995). 6% of the world species are found in India. 45000 plants species comprising about 12 % of the world's flora are found in Indian forests. Two of the twelve biodiversity hotspots in the world are in India. They are the North-Eastern region and the Western Ghats.
• Statement 2 is correct. North-Eastern region of the country comprising eight states namely Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura is endowed with rich resources and is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. the region, with just 7.98 % of the geographical area of the country, accounts for nearly one-fourth of its forest cover.
• The total forest cover in the North-Eastern region is 65.05% of its geographical area showing a decrease of forest cover to the extent of 0.45% in the region since 2017. Except Assam and Tripura, all the States in the region show decrease in forest cover.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. As per the India State of Forest Report 2019, Karnataka has maximum species richness for trees, Arunachal Pradesh has maximum species richness for shrubs and Jammu & Kashmir has maximum species richness for herbs.
• Maximum tree diversity has been found in tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka) followed by northeastern states.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct. India has only 2.42% of the world's land area but its contribution to the world's biodiversity is approximately 8% of the total number of species which is estimated to be 1.75 million (As per Global Biodiversity Assessment of UNEP of 1995). 6% of the world species are found in India. 45000 plants species comprising about 12 % of the world's flora are found in Indian forests. Two of the twelve biodiversity hotspots in the world are in India. They are the North-Eastern region and the Western Ghats.
• Statement 2 is correct. North-Eastern region of the country comprising eight states namely Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura is endowed with rich resources and is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. the region, with just 7.98 % of the geographical area of the country, accounts for nearly one-fourth of its forest cover.
• The total forest cover in the North-Eastern region is 65.05% of its geographical area showing a decrease of forest cover to the extent of 0.45% in the region since 2017. Except Assam and Tripura, all the States in the region show decrease in forest cover.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. As per the India State of Forest Report 2019, Karnataka has maximum species richness for trees, Arunachal Pradesh has maximum species richness for shrubs and Jammu & Kashmir has maximum species richness for herbs.
• Maximum tree diversity has been found in tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka) followed by northeastern states.
Recently, there was a proposal of translocation wild buffaloes from Assam to which one of the following Wildlife Sanctuary?
Explanation:
• Recently, there is a proposal of translocation five wild buffaloes from Assam to Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary in Raipur district, to help revive the waning population of Chhattisgarh’s State animal and expand its territory across States.
• The Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh.
• The estimated population of the wild buffaloes (Bubalus arnee) in the Northeast is around 3,000-4,000, the largest in the country and accounting for 92% of the world population. It is listed under Schedule 1 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, and classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, according to the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI).
• Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Gujarat. Both Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary and Tikarpada Wildlife Sanctuary are located in Odisha.
Explanation:
• Recently, there is a proposal of translocation five wild buffaloes from Assam to Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary in Raipur district, to help revive the waning population of Chhattisgarh’s State animal and expand its territory across States.
• The Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh.
• The estimated population of the wild buffaloes (Bubalus arnee) in the Northeast is around 3,000-4,000, the largest in the country and accounting for 92% of the world population. It is listed under Schedule 1 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, and classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, according to the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI).
• Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Gujarat. Both Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary and Tikarpada Wildlife Sanctuary are located in Odisha.
With reference to the Certification Standard for Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements:
1. It has been developed the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change with the UNESCO.
2. It has recently been endorsed by the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect. India now has a globally recognized forest-certification scheme developed specifically for Indian forests. It has been developed by Network for Certification and Conservation of Forests (NCCF). It is an Indian non-profit organization.
• Statement 2 is correct. Recently, the council of Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) has decided to endorse the Certification Standard for Sustainable Forest Management (SFM).
• EFC is an international non-profit that provides independent third-party certification for sustainable forest management, took this decision through a postal ballot.
• Forest certification is a global movement initiated in 1990s after Rio Earth Summit, is a market-based non-regulatory conservation tool designed to promote sustainable management of forests and trees outside forests by an independent third party.
• As several developed countries have put trade restrictions on import of non-certified timber, non-timber forest products and wood-based goods into their countries, getting sustainable forest management certificates has become mandatory for exports. Hence, forest-based industries in India have been pushing for forest certification to enhance their market accessibility to western markets including the European Union and USA.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect. India now has a globally recognized forest-certification scheme developed specifically for Indian forests. It has been developed by Network for Certification and Conservation of Forests (NCCF). It is an Indian non-profit organization.
• Statement 2 is correct. Recently, the council of Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) has decided to endorse the Certification Standard for Sustainable Forest Management (SFM).
• EFC is an international non-profit that provides independent third-party certification for sustainable forest management, took this decision through a postal ballot.
• Forest certification is a global movement initiated in 1990s after Rio Earth Summit, is a market-based non-regulatory conservation tool designed to promote sustainable management of forests and trees outside forests by an independent third party.
• As several developed countries have put trade restrictions on import of non-certified timber, non-timber forest products and wood-based goods into their countries, getting sustainable forest management certificates has become mandatory for exports. Hence, forest-based industries in India have been pushing for forest certification to enhance their market accessibility to western markets including the European Union and USA.
Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Godavari-Krishna mangroves?
1. It is the first 'Protected Special Agricultural Zone' recognized in India.
2. It extends from Odisha to Tamil Nadu.
3. The Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is located in this stretch of mangrove forests.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Tamil Nadu government has declared the Cauvery delta region as a Protected Special Agriculture Zone.The protected zone includes eight districts namely Thanjavur (Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu), Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Ariyalur, Karur and Tiruchirapalli.
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Tamil Nadu government has declared the Cauvery delta region as a Protected Special Agriculture Zone.The protected zone includes eight districts namely Thanjavur (Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu), Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Pudukottai, Cuddalore, Ariyalur, Karur and Tiruchirapalli.